Saccharin :: essays research papers

Saccharin is one of the most disputed sugar substitutes in the fall in States to mean solar day. Since 1977, it has been regarded as potentially carcinogenic (Saccharin, 1999). The sweetness of saccharin compared to sugarcane is utterly amazing. When measured up to sugarcane, saccharin is 550 times as sweet in its pure state. Also, it is estimated to support a sweetener power of 375 times that of sugar (Saccharin, 2000) This drug may be amazing, but some people say that it causes a dangerous disease, cancer.In 1879, while develop new food preservatives a young Johns Hopkins chemistry research assistant accidentally discovered that one of the organic compounds he was testing was intensely sweet. He named it saccharum, the Greek word for sugar. He further learned that it passed through the body unchanged and was thus a safe artificial sweetener for diabetics (Anderson, 1995). corresponding sugar substitutes are used today.Saccharin, which is also cognize as ortho-sulpho benzimide , is a white crystalline solid derived form coal tar. Them chemical formula is known as C6H4CONHSO2 (Saccharin, 1999). In 1977, saccharin was banned in Canada, but it has been kept on the market in the United States (Saccharin, 2000). It may be legal in the United States, but warning labels are necessary on saccharin-containing foods (Saccharin, 2000). In 1997, a group of scientists urged the federal agency to keep the artificial on its list of cancer-causing agents (CSPI, 1997). The discipline Toxicology Program, NTP, said that declaring saccharin sage would, result in greater exposure to this probable carcinogen in tens of millions of people If saccharin is even a weak carcinogen, this unnecessary additive would determine an intolerable risk to the public, (CSPI, 1997). They felt that even if it is weak, it still is a carcinogen.Samuel Epstein, a professor of environmental medicine at Illinois Medical Center in sugar said, In light of the many animal and human studies clearly d emonstrating that saccharin is a carcinogenic, it is astonishing that the NTP is even considering delisting saccharin, (CSPI, 1997). Many other scientist still today believe and have proven that saccharin is a cancer causing agent (at high doses in lab animals), but still people use it day in and day out at restaurants and their homes. Still many people are trying to have it removed from the list of carcinogens.Saccharin was also test on many lab animals, especially lab rats. They concluded that a high dietary dose of sodium saccharin causes urinary bladder tumors in rats (Bell, 1998).

St. Stanislas Kostka :: essays research papers

St. Stanislas KostkaBorn at Rostkovo near Prasnysz, Poland, about October 28, 1550 died at Rome during the night of14-15 August, 1568. He entered the union of Jesus at Rome, October 28, 1567, and is said to use up foretold his death a few solar days before it occurred. His father, John Kostka, was a senator of theKingdom of Poland and Lord of Zakroczym his m different was Margaret de Drobniy Kryska, the childand niece of the Dukes Palatine of Masovia and the aunt of the celebrated premier of Poland,Felix Kryski. The marriage was blessed with seven children, of whom Stanislas was the second. Hisolder brother capital of Minnesota survived him long enough to be present at the celebration of the beatification ofStanislas in 1605. The impression of joining the Society of Jesus had already entered the mind of the saintlyyoung man. It was six months, however, before he ventured to converse of this to the superiors of theSociety. At Vienna they hesitated to receive him, fearing the ag itation that would probably be raisedby his father against the Society, which had just quieted a storm that had broken out on account ofother admissions to the Company. Stanislas quickly grasped the internet site and formed the plan ofapplying to the general of the Society at Rome. The distance was five hundred leagues, which had tobe made on foot, without equipment, or guide, or any other resources but the precarious charity thatmight be received on the road. The prospective dangers and humiliations of such a journey, however,did not alarm his courage. On the good morning of the day on which he was to carry out his project hecalled his servant to him early and told him to notify his brother Paul and his tutor in the course of themorning that he would not be back that day to dinner. Then he started, taking the first opportunity to rallying the dress of gentleman for that of a mendicant, which was the solo way to escape thecuriosity of those he might meet. By nightfall Paul and t he tutor comprehended that Stanislas hadoff from them as he had threatened. They were seized with a tearing anger, and as the day was ended the fugitive had gained twenty-four hours over them. They started to follow him, but were not able to get him either their exhausted horses refused to go farther, or a wheel of their carriagewould break, or, as the tutor frankly declared, they had mistaken the route, having left the city by aSt. Stanislas Kostka essays research papers St. Stanislas KostkaBorn at Rostkovo near Prasnysz, Poland, about October 28, 1550 died at Rome during the night of14-15 August, 1568. He entered the Society of Jesus at Rome, October 28, 1567, and is said tohave foretold his death a few days before it occurred. His father, John Kostka, was a senator of theKingdom of Poland and Lord of Zakroczym his mother was Margaret de Drobniy Kryska, the sisterand niece of the Dukes Palatine of Masovia and the aunt of the celebrated Chancellor of Poland,Felix Kryski. The m arriage was blessed with seven children, of whom Stanislas was the second. Hisolder brother Paul survived him long enough to be present at the celebration of the beatification ofStanislas in 1605. The thought of joining the Society of Jesus had already entered the mind of the saintlyyoung man. It was six months, however, before he ventured to speak of this to the superiors of theSociety. At Vienna they hesitated to receive him, fearing the tempest that would probably be raisedby his father against the Society, which had just quieted a storm that had broken out on account ofother admissions to the Company. Stanislas quickly grasped the situation and formed the plan ofapplying to the general of the Society at Rome. The distance was five hundred leagues, which had tobe made on foot, without equipment, or guide, or any other resources but the precarious charity thatmight be received on the road. The prospective dangers and humiliations of such a journey, however,did not alarm his courag e. On the morning of the day on which he was to carry out his project hecalled his servant to him early and told him to notify his brother Paul and his tutor in the course of themorning that he would not be back that day to dinner. Then he started, taking the first opportunity to exchange the dress of gentleman for that of a mendicant, which was the only way to escape thecuriosity of those he might meet. By nightfall Paul and the tutor comprehended that Stanislas hadturned from them as he had threatened. They were seized with a fierce anger, and as the day was ended the fugitive had gained twenty-four hours over them. They started to follow him, but were not able to overtake him either their exhausted horses refused to go farther, or a wheel of their carriagewould break, or, as the tutor frankly declared, they had mistaken the route, having left the city by a

Essay --

With the development of technologies, Cyber Attacks have been increased rapidly in the past few years. Probability of causing damage to critical articulate infrastructure like nuclear or self-importance-denial system, air traffic control, other governmental institutions, business and citizens leads to the problematic issue of its attribution, which is being highly debated in international Law. This Article by Nicholas Tsagourias makes contribution in that debate and revolves around the question of ascription of cyber-attacks as an armed attack and the right of self defense by the victim state in response to such attacks. However, the law of war requires that the cyber-attack must be attributed before a counterattack is permitted. This Article critically evaluates different obstacles of attribution like anonymity (determination of attackers identity), attack from different jurisdictions, and presentation of evidence in order to exercise the right of self defense by throwing the lig ht on various political, technical and legal aspects.ContextArticle 51 preserves the right of individual or incarnate self defense if an armed attack occurs... Therefore, the right of self defense can be exercised when an issue becomes complicated and reaches to a particular level of colour between states or a state and organized and identified group, which may result into injuries of individuals and destruction of objects and properties. But in cyber-attack, chances are less to cause adjacent human injuries. The author of the article provides brief detail on some important issues for example how to deal with a cyber-attack by a non-state actor. So this move emphasizes that Cyber warfare laws require more development and a proper framework because states may fea... ... the response of armed attack, Burdon of proof and the state control over its entities. foreign Court of Justice in Nicaragua Cas holds that a state is liable for the actions of paramilitaries or non-State actor s only if the actors in question act in complete dependence on the state. Whereas the opposing boilersuit control standard set forth in Prosecutor v. Tadic which holds that where a State has a role in organizing, coordinating, and providing support for a group, the groups acts are attributable to the State. International Law has different view on burden of proof. ICJ has made criticism on the concept of overall control because there was no effective control by the Serbian government over the acts took place. Its finding regarding the culpability of Serbia was, Serbias guilt must be proven beyond any doubt, rather than beyond a reasonable doubt.

I Know Its Over by Steven Patrick Essay -- Papers

I Know Its Over by Steven Patrick Summary This is a bleak, perhaps morbid, but sensitive and intelligent song lyric, which most critics see as being about the end of fictional or fantasy relationship. merely the interpretation push aside be much deeper, indeed, a bottomless pit for those who be inclined to wallow in helplessness and suicidal thoughts. There are four distinct sections that are not entirely connected and this leads to a variety of interpretations in linking them, enabling the audience to project their own feelings onto the words. And yet, the emotional strong suit seems to produce elation1 not depression (perhaps more in the performance than the poetry). Speculation about the meaning of the lines (as long as it is not overdone) can lead to a satisfying enjoyment. Structure The first section describes our heros immediate state of mind with the image of his empty bed as a grave Oh Mother, I can feel the soil falling over my head and as I climb into an empty bed Oh, well. Enough said. As if being buried alive, the grief protagonist feels that his life may as well be over I cut its over - still I cling/I dont know where else I can go. Perhaps an intense relationship has come to an end, leading to thoughts of despair and suicide, but it may be less obvious. He equates his imagined forthcoming finis with a feeling of utter helplessness, but it seems that death is not an option because he finds it difficult to act, as we shall see. So, although the sea wants to take me/the knife wants to slit me, he does not seem to want it. He does ask do you think you can help me? but of whom? His mothe... ...tates that love is Natural and Real is he hangdog that for such as you and I, my love it is unnatural and imaginary? Themes Typically for this writer the themes are unrequited love, closing off, loneliness, helplessness, etc. The Wildean themes are, perhaps, in the mind of the reader/l istener. Indeed, the overall vagueness and ambiguity, classifiable of this author, together with the complexity of the structure allows for a dichotomy of interpretations. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 However, I acknowledge David Pinching, writing in his essay Oscar Wildes influence on Stephen Fry and Morrissey, when he says that Wilde represents isolation within ones own world and a grand set of theories about the most irrelevant and absurd things. 2 All italics original

freud Essay -- essays research papers

Psychoanalysis is a system of psychology originated by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud in the 1890s and then further developed by himself, his students, and other followers. It consists of wagerivities such as using methods for research into the human mind, a systematic knowledge about the mind, and a method for the treatment of psychological or emotional disorders. Psychoanalysis began with the discovery of " furiousness," an illness with physical symptoms that occurred in a completely healthy physical body, such as a numbness or paralysis of a limb, loss of voice, or blindness. This state could be caused by un intended wishes or forgotten memories. Many women of the 1800s were diagnosed with hysteria, given the disorder was suasion to be primarily female. Freud began telling his patients, through interpretations, what was going on inside the unconscious part of their minds, thus helping the unconscious become conscious. Many cases of hysteria were cured this way, an d in 1895, Freud, along with another fellow physician, published their findings and theories on the study of hysteria. In The White Hotel by D. M. Thomas, the character Lisa does not exhibit the in a higher place form of hysteria, but rather a manifestation of humankind. Her own reality has become too imprisoned, and she escapes it by creating another Lisa that is nothing like her person.The traditional psychoanalytical theory states that all human beings are born with instinctual drives that are constantly active even though a person is not usually conscious of them. Two drives, one for sexual pleasure and the other called aggression, motivate and propel most behaviors in people. Lisa creates a very intense sexual drive for her sham person. Readers may speculate that this creation may have been brought about by experiences beginning at birth. In the infant, the libido supposedly first manifests itself by making the act of sucking the thumb an activity with pleasurable sensations in the mouth. Later, according to Freud, similar pleasures are experience in the anus during bowel movements, and finally these erotically tinged pleasures are experienced when the sexual organ is manipulated. Thus psychosexual development progresses from the oral through the anal to the phallic stage. During the height of the phallic phase (about ages three to six), Freud notes that these drives focus on the parent ... ... views into the theory of infantile instinctual drives as the motivating force for normal behavior and as the cause of neurosis if repressed. Continuing research has discovered much(prenominal) evidence that the early relationships between children and parents, have the greatest impact on later psychological development. The influence of the care-givers, especially during infancy, leave a lasting relievo on the personality. Any experience with objects, including persons, that evoke and strengthen the self are "self-object" experiences and are needed b y every human being from birth to death in order to sustain a cohesive self. Absence of or faulty self-object experiences cause a loss of cohesion with the self. Lisas character was a prime candidate for Freuds psychoanalysis. She followed many of the stereotypical guidelines set by Freuds studies. Her reality failed her, so a more vibrant one was created in order to suppress years of secrets, neglect, and the pain from it all. Her character was eventually brought back into a state of reality, but it was too late to "save" her. The true reality that faced her was the grimace of death of her true "self" in the end.

freud Essay -- essays research papers

Psychoanalysis is a system of psychology originated by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud in the 1890s and then further developed by himself, his students, and other followers. It consists of activities much(prenominal) as using methods for research into the human mind, a systematic knowledge about the mind, and a method for the treatment of psychological or emotional disorders. Psychoanalysis began with the discoin truth of "hysteria," an illness with physical symptoms that occurred in a completely healthy physical body, such as a numbness or paralysis of a limb, passage of voice, or blindness. This state could be caused by unconscious wishes or forgotten memories. legion(predicate) women of the 1800s were diagnosed with hysteria, given the disorder was thought to be primarily female. Freud began telling his patients, through interpretations, what was going on inside the unconscious part of their minds, thus destiny the unconscious become conscious. Many cases of hyst eria were cured this way, and in 1895, Freud, along with another(prenominal) fellow physician, published their findings and theories on the study of hysteria. In The White Hotel by D. M. Thomas, the character Lisa does not exhibit the above form of hysteria, but rather a manifestation of reality. Her own reality has become as well as imprisoned, and she escapes it by creating another Lisa that is nothing like her person.The traditional psychoanalytical theory states that all human beings are born with instinctual drives that are constantly active even though a person is not usually conscious of them. Two drives, one for sexual pleasure and the other called aggression, motivate and propel most behaviors in people. Lisa creates a very intense sexual drive for her fictive person. Readers may speculate that this creation may have been brought about by experiences beginning at birth. In the infant, the libido supposedly first manifests itself by making the act of sucking the thumb an ac tivity with pleasurable sensations in the mouth. Later, according to Freud, similar pleasures are experienced in the anus during gut movements, and finally these erotically tinged pleasures are experienced when the sexual organ is manipulated. Thus psychosexual development progresses from the oral through the anal to the phallic stage. During the height of the phallic phase (about ages three to six), Freud notes that these drives focus on the parent ... ... views into the theory of infantile instinctual drives as the motivating force for normal behavior and as the cause of neurosis if repressed. Continuing research has discovered much evidence that the early relationships between children and parents, have the greatest impact on later psychological development. The influence of the care-givers, especially during infancy, leave a lasting imprint on the personality. Any experience with objects, including persons, that evoke and strengthen the self are "self-object" experie nces and are needed by every(prenominal) human being from birth to death in order to sustain a cohesive self. Absence of or faulty self-object experiences cause a loss of cohesion with the self. Lisas character was a prime candidate for Freuds psychoanalysis. She followed many of the stereotypical guidelines set by Freuds studies. Her reality failed her, so a more vibrant one was created in order to suppress years of secrets, neglect, and the pain from it all. Her character was eventually brought back into a state of reality, but it was too late to "save" her. The true reality that faced her was the grimace of death of her true "self" in the end.

“Mother” by Grace Paley Essay

The Jewish Grace Paley was born in 1922 and grew up in the Bronx, New York. Quite dedicated in the civil rights work she started writing short stories in the fifties. Additionally, Paley was involved in the womens- and the peace movement. She wrote a number of short stories but got never done a whole book. Her stories birth mostly daily people from different ethnic groups, particularly of the Jewish population. Grace Paley often tells her stories in an ironical sound and perspective of a young-bearing(prenominal) narrator. Mother is a short but profound story. It is told through the flashbacks of a miss. Pointing out several details, the image where the mother stands in various doorways is the most peculiar one. At the end of a story, there is a sentence I wish I could see her in the doorway of the living room. As a reader, I understand that the narrator utter these words from the bottom of her heart. It is likely to me that there is a mixture of feelings expressed in this sayi ng nostalgia and regret.The first precedent of her wish is that she misses her mother. She misses her so much with all what she used to do when she was alive. All her memories seem to revive within her mind. We all know that family sentiments are very delicate, especially sentiments between mother and daughter. Therefore, even years after her death, whenever she misses her mother, everything seems like just happen yesterday. The second reason for her wish is because of her regret or repentance. When her mother was palliate alive, she made her sad and worried a lot or so her. Now she wants to see her mother again to tell her that she has made a great progress. She has sustain mature and led a good life as her mother always hoped. Also, she feels regretful because her mother died when her mind was full of worry neither the daughter nor the husband set her mind at rest. If her mother reappeared in the doorway again, she would tell her immediately that she could feel secure about he r future and rest in peace. Above all else, it is her nostalgia and regret that she wishes to see her mother again in the door.As human beings, people often do not know what they doctor until it has gone. Consequently, they live with nostalgia and regret. The author uses a lot of stylistics devices to make the story more sentimental. There is a rhetorical question what will become of you? which shows the mothers concern about her daughters future. We can see that the mother really caresabout her daughter. Another impressive stylistic device is when the father complains about his work. He uses a repetition of the word tittle-tattle. It occurs four times in one paragraph. As a result, he says the words talk talk talk talk back-to-back but, nevertheless, still doesnt talk to her which shows his indifference. The author uses a quite simple language, and keeps her sentences relatively clear and brief. She might do this to arrest out that the narrator is just a simple girl, a teenager. The lesson I draw from this story is that we should cherish what we are possessing, especially our parents. Their love and care is endless. comparable it is said the story, most dont take much of their mothers advice, but later they realize how important they were.

Long Beach City Mayor

Being a mayor of my city, dogged Beach, CA, and having some money left later making planned budget expenses, I would primarily think about the opportunities to invest it into a project, which would bring some income into municipal budget in the proximo. prospicient Beach is a known tourist attraction, which e very(prenominal) year welcomes thousands of tourists and has highly developed infrastructure for entertainment and leisure. That is wherefore my idea can be the following.I would find a strong financial partner or partners (not more than 2-3) and offer them to build something like a recreation center. We would find some territory, sort of close to the seashore, construct a small 1-2 stored building and open a spa for offering such services as massage, various cosmetic procedures, physical fitness services, including facilities for physical training, like gym and swimming pool, and so on. It would be a cozy fitness center, which will definitely find its market in Long Beac h due to such competitive powers as affordable prices, advantageous location, various high-quality services and stable reputation.There are several important reasons why I would choose such way of investing 1 million dollars from municipal budget. First of all, such a center would be a newly place for our citizens and, especially, for numerous guests of our city to recreate, become fit and beautiful. Besides, it would have a great cordial significance for our community, because a lot of new workplaces would be assailable for people of Long Beach.Also, as it was mentioned before, certain part of income from this enterprise will constantly flow into municipal budget, giving me (as a mayor) opportunity to spend more money for urgent needs of the city. Finally, it is also important that recreation center is a very prospective project, which can be transformed in the future into a large community center.Certainly, in that situation, as a potential investor, I will not be concentrated only on this very idea. I will remain absolutely opened for other interesting investment projects, and if someone offers me another profitable and secure business proposal, I would lief support it and give the money for its implementation. The main criteria are to receive permanent income into citys budget and to initiate a project with high social significance, which would contribute into positive reaction of local community on this idea and strengthen reputation of citys authorities.

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay

If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn iOS App, please click View in Browser Click the link above to submit your assignment.Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 1 Cost Accounting and Management DecisionsDue Week 8 and worth 240 pointsConduct research on a U.S. manufacturing company that produces two (2) or more products. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you1. Describe the company researched, indicating the native products manufactured. 2. Examine the effect of changes in the variable cost / fixed cost structure of the company on cost- volume analysis decisions by managers. 3. give out the authorized cost system used by the company to determine manufacturing costs and examine the benefits of using an activity-based cost system over the traditional system for perplexity decisions. 4. Compare the companys sales and cost of sales foreca st to the actual sales and costs of sales in the current financial statement. valuate strategies management can implement in response to changing conditions affecting budgetary planning and forecasting. 5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements1. Be typed, double spaced, using propagation New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. 2. Include a even off page containing the title of the assignment, the students name, the professors name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in therequired assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are 3. Examine the assumptions of cost-volume-profit analysi s.4. Discuss the allocation of costs to divisions, plants, departments, contracts, and products. 5. Analyze activity-based costing and activity-based management. 6. Analyze the advantage of budgeting, the preparation of a master budget, and other forms of planning. 7. Use technology and information resources to research issues in cost accounting. 8. Write clearly and concisely some cost accounting using proper writing mechanics. Click here to view the grading rubric.

Maria Helena Lima’s “Imaginary Homelands in Jamaica “ Essay

OutlineSection 1 Writing to rescue her lifeIt seems as though writer Jamaica Kincaid has pen a number of novels in an labor to understand her past and her growth and development throughout it. Almost exclusively of the novels Kincaid has written seem to be integrated in that they all shed light on certain struggles of her past (paragraphs 1-4).Section 2 Function of bildungsromanThe bildungsroman form, in which a novel focuses on a persons development or spiritual education, is apply specifically by Kincaid and other Caribbean writers to unravel the difficulties and disputations of growing up across the margins of different traditions and ethnical universes. The acculturation of a self can be portrayed through the form, however in Kincaids novels specifically, the bildungsroman is not so much used as to show the growth in Lucy and Annie Johns adolescent life, but rather to show their reactions respectively to more worldly matters such as racialism and colonialism (paragraphs 5-7) (freedictionary.com).Section 3 Far from homeExile for characters like Lucy and Annie John does not serve the purpose of testing life without their parents, but rather opens their look to the escalating world. It is in this big bad world that the characters are forced to bring their new identity and beliefs. Not only are these characters left with a sentiency of strangeness to the new world, but they also signal struggles with the place in which they came from. The longer they spend time in the new strange world, the further they find themselves from their first home. These colonial characters face the challenge of identifying themselves and their cultural origins (paragraphs 8-11).Section 4 Effects of reading literatureLiterature is claimed to play an important role in a persons development. A persons emotions and reactions stem largely from the literature he/she reads. Lucy had resentment toward daffodils because as a young girl, she was inevitable to memorize a long poem abou t the flower without having ever seen one in real life. Lucy reads several books, which postulate an effect on her scatty to change her name. Reading of literature ultimately affects the way in which people react and think (paragraphs 12-13).Section 5 Writing as a senescency of salvageIn an effort to cure Lucys desire for home, she becomes a writer. She writes negative letters to her mother in order to assuage or bear on with her feelings. As much as Lucy wants to believe that she is not the girl her parents expected her to be, it is the written letters that she sends and receives that ultimately lead her to realize her true feelings (paragraphs 14-15).Section 6 Finding identity in a culturally different worldAs Lucy and Annie John, representations for Kincaid herselflose parts of their past and are exposed to a fishily new present, they use their knowledge in an effort to comprehend the nature of the world and their part in it (paragraphs 16-17).SummaryProfessor Maria capital of Perus Homelands in Jamaica Kincaids Narratives of Development, claims that writers in diaspora establish the bildungsroman form in their writings to explore the characters need for individual and national identity. Specifically, Jamaica Kincaid uses mostly all of her novels to write about her struggles and developments in a strange world. Bildungsroman is used in these novels by showing characters reactions to more worldly matters such as racism, colonialism, and sexism. Exile is used in these novels, not to test life without the characters parents, but rather to open the characters eyes to the incredibly complicated world that lies ahead. These characters are forced to find a place for themselves in the strange world as well as having to form their own beliefs about societal matters.However, the longer the time these characters spend international from home, the further they find themselves, emotionally, from home and are left with a strange feeling of loneliness in the world. They are then challenged with having to identify themselves and their cultural origins. Lima claims that Kincaid employs the reading of literature and writing as means of salvation. When put into the tough position of being emotionally disconnected from the world, characters, specifically like Lucy, in Lucy A Novel, read and use their memories from books to identify themselves. In addition, writing helps the characters to cope with their estranged and complicated feelings. Those caught between culturally different worlds use what they know in an effort to comprehend the nature of the world and their part in it.Discussion Questions1. How are the struggles Lucy faces similar and/or different than those of Melinda and Charlie in finding their respective identities? 2. What role does age play in all of the novels we have read thus far? How has Lucys older age helped/hindered her in finding her identity? 3. What role have reading literature and writing letters played in the novels we hav e read so far, specifically in The Perks of Being a Wallflower and Lucy A Novel?Works CitedLima, Maria Helena. Imaginary Homelands in Jamaica Kincaids Narratives of Development Callaloo 25.3 (Summer 2002) 857-867.